Legals Forms of Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legals Forms of Business - Term Paper ExampleIn addition, it is less costly and easier to progress to a sole proprietorship than any opposite form of business as it requires a fewer legal formalities. This form of business is a good undertaking as it allows flexibility than a sess and coalition. The sole proprietor has discretion to make an instant decision. For example, he fucking make decisions on when to shell away a vacation, whom to hire and the business worth pursuing. The sole proprietor can also transfer or sell some portion of the business to another person without seeking approval from any other person. A sole proprietor is allowed to establish a retirement account that is exempted from tax only when bullion argon not withdrawn. Lastly, a sole proprietor only pays individualizedised income taxes from the boodle gained (Miller & Cross, 2013). Partnership Partnerships be businesses naturalised by two or more than two persons with an aim of making pull aheads. P artnerships are established through agreements among the partners, which can be implied or expressed. The partners become the co-owners of the business and they jointly operate and share profit equally. Partnerships are regulated by the statutory laws and the Common laws. Partnerships are preferred because of several reasons. ... The partner, who performs additional administrative duties such as managing personnel or the office, receives a salary in additional to the share of the profit he gets. The partners have full access to information that concerns the carrying out of all aspects of a partnership business. The partners are free to inspect all the records and books of account on demand and get copies of the materials. Members of a partnership can determine the value each owns in a partnership. This can be done by carrying out of accounting either through a court order or voluntarily. Lastly, in a partnership, a partner may possess partnership property on behalf of the entire par tnership but has no right to mortgage, sell or transfer partnership property to another person (Miller & Cross, 2013). expressage obligation Partnership (LLP) This is a form of business designed for largely for professionals such as accountants and attorneys who are refer in business as partners in a partnership. This form of business is advocated for because of various advantages. To begin with, it limits partners personal liability as it allows the partnership to continue existing as a pass-through entity for taxes related issues. This form of partnership facilitates the conversion of traditional partnership into a LLP because it shares similar basic organizational structure with the traditional partnership. The LLP protects professionals from personal liability emerging from the malpractices done by associated partners such as negligence, wrongful acts or misconduct (Miller & Cross, 2013). Limited Liability Company (LLC) A limited Liability company (LLC) is a form of business t hat allows partnership-style of revenue enhancement and gives its owners limited

Online Retailing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Retailing - Case Study ExampleThe online marketing is godly by the development and the increased of technology. Brick and mortar business is a description of the business that is entirely establish on the internet differentiating from that which operates in the practical environment. Of all the methods and strategies of marketing, there are advantages of each of the models (Anderson 1996). Dell Inc has choose the online marketing and it is excessively working on mass customization where there is mass production of individually change products and services to meet the diverse customer needs. This is a more refined means of customer happiness where the prices are also comparable to those of standard products.Online retailing is generally adopted by traditional retailers who deem widespread logistical and supply stores (Brown 2001). The most important aspect that enables success in online marketing is the detail that, traditional companies are better placed to establish an online presence than starting up a new-fashioned marketing strategy from scratch. Online marketing is advantageous in existing companies which are already established and strike good reputation hence customer confidence (Anderson1996). In such cases, the beau monde retains contact with the somatogenic enterprise and work out to leverage other tasks. Dell has core competencies against other companies that provide electronic computer products and accessories. By the use of online marketing the company is able to explore these competencies more expansively and intensively (Tampa et al 2000). Since Dell is already an established company, its able to use the trust it has established with its suppliers and hence leverage the supplier networks already in place. For these reason, there will be easy sales talk of products to the clients and assured supply (Brown 2001). altogether these smooth operations come with advantages discounts and other favoured handling.Existing distribution channels allows for trouble free delivery of services and products, price discounts to the company. These will have an advantage of cutting down the cost of distribution and and so these benefits will trickle down to the customers in terms of reduced costs. Dell Inc has a well recognise brand name in the computer industry. For this reason, leveraging the brand fairness is of great advantage oer other companies that use the dot com marketing strategies, Anderson (1996).Having been in operation for quite sometime, Dell Inc is stable company that can operate online especially for financial services as many people already trusts them. This also implies the company has an already established customer foundation and sales and this brings in the benefits of economies of scale in marketing, making purchases, production (Fingar et al 2000). Established companies operating online will get a chance to leverage a lower cost of capital, as bond issues will be availed to established companies (Tampa et al 2000). The underwriting cost creating a new cop-any from the beginning as in initial public offer is very costly than the online equity offering in marketing. Every company has a set of advantages over others (competitors) and good operation practices (Fingar et al 2000). This gives established firm an advantage in online operations (online

How the organization communicates with prospective and current Case Study

How the organization communicates with prospective and current customers - Case Study ExampleThe use of digital media made coca plant Cola to deviate from the traditional strategies that would promote the product such as developing new products or extending the existing brands.Marketing is an important aspect of creating a whole brand date helping to reach out to the existing and potential customers. Every marketing strategy faces three uncertainties that argon supposed to be weighed before engaging the fear of failure, the return on investment and the fear of the unknown. investment funds resources in the digital media for marketing brings forth all these uncertainties. However, these uncertainties can be assumed based on the advantages that come with the digital media. First, learning from failure can help device workable strategies in the digital space. Second, the digital media exhibits a very rapid growth while the marketers get to understand it better daytime by day. Finall y, digital media is less expensive, therefore, learning from it especially on optimizing the return on investment is worthy.Coca Cola opted to go digital, and take advantage of the huge online traffic. This was done through a ingenuous social concept that encouraged customers to exhibit brand loyalty while encouraging others to join the wagon. In the summer of 2011, they devised the Share a Coke Campaign (Coca Cola, 2013). It began with the customers creating a can for a special relay transmitter and then finding their names and having a speed of light bottle bearing the name to developing customized coke bottles with peoples names. This campaign has gone global and it is still in progress after it demonstrate that it can facilitate the strengthening of the brand as well as increment in the gross sales volume.The campaign was focused on increasing the consumption of Coke during the summer of 2011 while bringing an appeal on the strength of the brand. Despite Coca Cola being kn own as a strong brand, they needed to

Philosophy of Science - Does Creationism qualify as science Essay

Philosophy of apprehension - Does Creationism qualify as science - Essay ExampleThis new aspect erroneously emphasizes that both the demesne and universe were born some 10,000 years ago and the present life form of the earth is the government issue of catastrophes like floods. Some creation scientists again hold that human beings were born out of divine preventive for the presence of intelligence absent in others. The creationism aspect of science on account of the above examples is countering hassle for the proper t severallying of science. (Skehan & Nelson, 1-2). Thus, the activities of creation scientists are aiming to ca-ca a rift between experimental temper of science and a scientific approach based on false dogmas and religious ideologies. Creationism which fails to impart an experimental outlook fails to be qualified as skill. Controversial Theories of Creation Science against Science Scientific Creationism is observed to largely mingle religious ideologies with scie ntific doctrines causing the formation of erroneous facts which cultivate an environment of misinformation. In fact, the doctrines rendered by Creation Science which states that the formation and destruction of life forms on the planet were the outcome of a deluge were observed to bear close resemblance to Biblical theories. These facts rendered by Creation Science draw controversies for Science has already stated the age of the earth as amounting to some billions of years. With regards to the development of the large innovation of flora and fauna Science has successfully shown that these diversities sprouted out owing to the effects of development. The facts stated by Science gain ground for being supported by experimental observations conducted through the study of fossils which claims that evolution is a spontaneous phenomenon and not merely a theory. An endeavor to intensify the realm of Creation Science to reach the Science classrooms was largely contested on several grounds . The Law of the land observed much(prenominal) moves of Creation Science as totally unconstitutional due to mainly three aspects. Firstly, it was observed that much(prenominal) a drive affected the secularity of the contribution and legislation. It is because the approach of Creation Science is considered to have strong linkages to the Catholic religion. Secondly, it was held that the Creation Sciences approach was involved more in spreading religion than focus on on imparting knowledge. Thirdly the approach made by Creation Science was also snarl as anti-governmental activity and thus an endeavor was made to restrict its further development. Several schools of the American region were strictly directed to disallow the professing of the doctrines of Creation Science. The activities of Creation Science however did counter little halt as it came out with the doctrine of Intelligent throw. The theory of Intelligent Design is considered to be propounded by the Creation Science th eorists to counter the strength of legislative actions imposed upon it. The theory of Intelligent Design propounded by the Creation Scientists presents itself in two parts. The first part aimed at totally criticizing the theory of evolution framed by Charles Darwin. It aimed at stating that the theory of evolution was totally wrong and practically suffered from absence of a strong base. In the second part the concept of Intelligent Design tried to focus that each of the different life forms on earth including the intelligent human beings were the actions of some

Compare and Contrast United States and Japan's Domestic and Essay

Compare and argumentation get together States and japans Domestic and International Market - Essay Example coupled States of America is the largest trade participator of Japan, where as Japan is the third or forth largest trade partner of the United States depending on the criteria, if the part states of European Union, which are trade partners with the United States, are considered to be the members of one entity or more. The correlation amid these two countries in their global as well domestic front has been discussed here under interior(prenominal) MARKETS The domestic marketing policy of the United States focuses more on the businesses it focuses on the sectors that every business c everywheres, where as the domestic market policies of Japan focuses on the technology and innovation that can be utilized for the go product development through out the businesses. Japanese clay of employment believes in sharing the benefits gained by the employees thus motivating them for be tter and innovative performance. Whereas, American system more likely focuses on obstinate wage system and abrupt termination at allow for, incase of the conduct leading to a wrong to the company, such approach proves to be very anti-innovative. In stable domestic markets American style will be beneficial both for the companies and the economies but when it comes to highly volatile and dynamic environment, the Japanese employment system should be preferred. Thats why it is said that the success that Japan enjoys is because of the way it compensates its employees (Dennis et al 1991). These differences lead to divergences in the labor market structure of both the countries as well. later the stock market crash in 1990, Japan suffered a set back in its economy, which took ten years for it to eventually recover, in 2004. After that Japans domestic marketing strategy focused on the research and development of the invigorated technology that would be promoted in the public sector, so that all the businesses can prosper. This approach led for the cite of its innovative techniques in all over the world. As far as the comparison for the domestic markets is concerned, United States excels in the traditional research where as Japan has a more innovative advantage over the global market. As compared to the American products, Japanese products and processes, which include semiconductors, automobiles, transistors, optical fibers, high end DVD & multimedia recorders and manufacturing systems, are more innovative and are highly demanded. Manufacturing has been the nigh substantial element of Japans economy since the World War II. Though the monetary value of United States manufacturing export is normally way more than Japans, but the proportion of the manufacturing export out of the total export is generally much lower than that of Japan. America has been focusing on its automobiles industries. After the stock market crashed, it bought the shares of most of the Japane se automobiles companies, which was a proof in itself that Japan had the higher end of technology in that field. Japans major exports still comprises of automobiles parts. According to an Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Japan holds the second lay out in the manufacturing sector after The United States of America. Japan had almost 470,000 manufacturing companies which was even more than that of United States (above 350,000). The United States of Americas domestic markets are a very complex paradigm, but

Computer utilization in ONE African or Mid-Eastern country as compared Essay

Computer utilization in ONE African or Mid-Eastern country as comp ared with computer utilization in the join States - Essay Examplethese social differences at the cultural level, the UAE is quickly becoming one of the most progressive users of computers in the world in areas of business, education, and ecumenical consumer society.In the United States, it is quite vernacular to find sight of varying demographics using the Internet for in-person needs, varying from social networking sites, to online shopping, to flat education by attending distance learning universities. There is no specific user profile for the Internet in the United States simply because it is quite common for people of all age and educational demographics to have a personal computer in their households. However, in the United Arab Emirates, the Internet user profile is typically a younger and professional male compared to the United States (Shen & Shakir, 2009). Where in the U.S. it is common to find a young male or female visiting social networking sites such(prenominal) as YouTube or Facebook, this goes against the traditional collectivist principles that founded the UAE regarding what is considered acceptable for gender roles. Many Arab youth females cannot show their faces to anyone unless they are in their close family and because of this they often do not play online games, visit chat rooms, or even send emails (Shen & Shakir). This cultural difference tends to limit the Internet user profile to mostly professional and amend young men. chawbacon Is becoming the number one Internet website in the UAE, where this is not especially accredited in the United States. Regular Yahoo users in the UAE have crossed 1.5 million (ameinfo.com, 2006). In the U.S., it is common to have youths visiting Yahoo for its Chat, Games and Music options. However, the UAE commonly finds people over the age of 30 on Yahoo utilizing its more professional services such as Yahoo News and Finance (ameinfo.com ). This is a demographic difference in computer utilization between the UAE and the U.S. where in the West sites like Yahoo are more for recreation where in the

I wrote into the assignment criteria box Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

I wrote into the assignment criteria box - Essay Exampleorm of abroad direct investment, the companies buy controlling stakes in domestic stanchs and then reenergize the whole structure of the firm to make it more profitable and competitive. Their strategy have been quite simple as even a layman would believe in putting money in those areas or economy where the foodstuff if non growing at some astronomical rate but at least have a positive growing despite sluggishness (Krugman, 1998). The union movement around the world has caused massive resultant role with growing rate of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Being termed as an important tool for investment from industrial nations to developing ones, these merger and acquisition are relatively small size in if compared with mergers as compared to those in advanced countries, it gives the receiving substantial nation a much needed boost to the economies of their nations. The involvement of transnational companies in the dom estic market also provides the developing nation an environment of technological and managerial efficiency. The major bane in the offset of developing nation has been the lack of modern approach in management practices and use of technology. The indigenous investigate of the government and other agencies has been either lagging behind or has failed to yield any result. The need of the min for the government is to adopt newer policies and its approach to engage transnational companies in its territory would yield higher growth in GDP and per capita income. The capability of domestic companies also gets strengthen in a pro-growth environment. As a whole the governments agenda of creating an era of growth and prosperity gets fulfilled in diverse phases.The purpose of government selling its controlling conjure in public sector units or state enterprises is for strengthening the support system of the nation. Support system in this scenario is actually the infrastructure that would p rovide the unintellectual to individuals, investors and other enterprises in delving the nation

Abu-Dhabi Development UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abu-Dhabi Development UAE - Essay Example all over the last few years Abu Dhabi has diversified the economic activity through large sums of foreign and local anesthetic investments in financial services and tourism. As a result Abu Dhabi has attracted a large enactment of volume from all over the world who come and visit Abu Dhabi regularly, whereas many people stay here permanently. The breeding that took present in Abu Dhabi can be divided into three phases first being the pre oil era, punt phase is of the ontogenesis that took place after the discovery of oil and the third phase is the recent development in construction which has attracted a large number of people from all over the world (Explorer Publishing, 2007). Abu Dhabi is regain on an island in the north of the Persian Gulf and is just 250 meters away from the mainland from the nearest point. A number of bridges, most of which see been constructed recently connect the city with different parts of the country howeve r a large portion of the area is on the mainland which has a desert and arid climate (Davidson, 2009). Abu Dhabi city is located on the island itself but there are many suburbs on the mainland most of them are residential schemes. The acid and arid climate of the region does not support agriculture and the number of green places in the city has been increased recently through strong efforts of the organization and also through the use of technology. It is quite homely that the hot climatic conditions of Abu Dhabi are not good for agriculture and therefore agriculture does not project any role in the development of the city. The major source of income of the city over the last few decades has been the production of oil as it is the largest oil producer in United Arab Emirates and accounts for 9 percent of the impart oil reserves of the world. Currently the oil production stands at 2.3 million barrels per day and the government has initiated various projects for increasing the o il production to 3 million barrels per day. The major development that took place in Abu Dhabi was based on these oil reserves, however recently the government of the United Arab Emirates and Abu Dhabi city has discrete to reduce their dependency on the oil sector and have introduced various other programs which include the forwarding of real estate and tourism and also the establishment of various industrial zones. The various industrial zones which have been constructed to facilitate the establishment of industry include ICAD I, ICAD II, ICAD III, Al Ain Industrial City (I and II) and also the residential city which has been planned for the workers of these industrial zones. The various facilities which have been provided in these industrial cities include 1. High timbre infrastructure to support the industries which has been planned and constructed in accordance with the international standards and codes. 2. The provision of public utilities in the residential cities which have been established inside these industrial cities and near them. These facilities include cultural centers, business centers, banks, shopping malls and hospitals. 3. respective(a) zones within these industrial cities have been specified for the various types of industries which include light goods industries, wood industries, chemical industries, technology industries, plastic industries, textile industries, construction materials industries, oil and gas related industries etc. This classification of industries in the industrial cities has led to the formation of clusters of same type of industries within the industrial cities. 4. These industrial cities also provide the industries with various warehouses within the industrial city. These warehouses have been constru

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Spirit Catches You and You F any Down - bear witness ExampleThis again computes on the accuracy and pure knowledge of that language.The health professionals will only depend on what they are told by this third party and not the victims or patient herself. The same applies to the separate party (the family of the patients). So the blame is hard to precisely put on anybody because one is not reliable about who failed in his/her task. The same thing is true for the MCMC Case as it is not easy to autumn point who did wrong as three parties were involved. Besides the map was so hard to understand something that regular(a) the author of the article attests to yet it was the only way to understand Lia and her family. He confirms how hard reading this chart was by confessing to have read it more than a hundred times.However, a psychological doctor of all the people should not use this as an excuse but should be knowledgeable about the unlike kinds of patients he/she can meet as we ll as the degree of probing that is required to flop through the patients mind. It is true that everybody comes from a background that is based on certain husbandry and however much somebody is deeply entrenched in it, still there is always a possibility to accept the universally and scientifically proven conventional medical practices. This however, depends on the approach that is employ to introduce such topics to the person in question here being the patient. For a doctor, giving up on the patient sooner is not always the best thing as evidenced in the way Dan Murphy had given up on the Lees family just after meeting Lia. Dan Murphy in his assertion that the relationship between the Lees and the doctors was spoilt beyond repair was quite judgmental.He is even affectionate to distance themselves from the mistake as well as vindicating the interpreters of any wrong doing. He appears to level the blames on the Lees family. According to the author, even Dan Murphy himself seems t o contradict himself by

Wine production and tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

fuddle point of intersectionion and tourism - Essay ExampleThis charter makes an attempt of a context and critical check of the study Wine Production and Tourism Adding Service to a Perfect Partnership. The study center in westward Australia and used a modified SERVQUAL methodology.The findings of the study are trey folds. The study frontmost of all found turn up that, Operators are on balance, performing on the most important product and service attributes based on a sample of 353 visitors to two wineries. Secondly, the researchers stressed the enormousness of the cellar-door concept and agree service levels to the future day success of wine-tourism operations. The study further found out that, success depends not notwithstanding on the gauge of the wine being offered but also on the way it is offered for sale in spite of appearance the cellar-door environment the by emphasizing the concept of service delivery and augmentation.From the findings, the cellar-door concep t now means that the quality of service authentic during a visit is as likely as the wine itself to drive future wine sales. However, the study in itself failed to explain the complexity of factors that led visitors to place such high importance on this attribute.Of Late, wine tourism has not only proven as a growing ambit of special-interest through out the world but has attracted the attention of researchers. According to the researchers Palmer & Neil (2004), the sector has been largely applauded for its wide hunt down of benefits, including foreign-exchange earnings, the creation of full- and part time jobs, the generation of secondary economic activity and the ability to generate un questionable long-term wealth and sustain steady tourism growth for these regions. The work of Palmer & Neil (2004), attempts to bridge the knowledge falling out by adding to the existing literature.2.0 Problem Statement and Research QuestionsIn the study, Palmer & Neil (2004) argued that, the f act that wine tourism is confronted by a range of critical development issues that have the potential to interfere with its sustainability and long-term profitability. Visitors perceptions of the service received at the cellar door have become a focal point. The main research question investigated in the study is stated below. The study investigated the quality of the wine being offered, the way it is offered for sale within the cellar-door environment. Thus, what are the attributes of service quality as applied to Visit wineriesWhat are the implications for marketing for studying quote behaviourIssues such as what motivates repeat caravanning behaviours are addressed further.2.1 Objectives and Purpose of StudyAccording to the researchers, the study was conducted to identify the attributes of service quality as they apply to visits to wineries through a survey of visitors to wineries in Western Australia. Another objective was to find out the emergence and significance of wine tou rism as a new growth sector of truly global proportions. At the same time, the study further finds out the scope and characteristics of repeat behaviour.2.2 Research StructureThe research is divided in to four main areas. incision one introduces the research and the subject matter, highlighting the main themes and problem statement of the work. Section two reviewed prior literature on wine tourism emphasizing the importance. Focus is on the work of Johnson (1997). Section three provides the methods used to gather

Person with Tattoo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Person with Tattoo - Assignment instanceThe design that shown to me was a dragon. The face of the dragon was on Michaels thorax and the body was uniquely pinched in the shoulder blades. Likewise, the tail enveloped his entire upper left arm. It was only in black sign and it has no other color. According to Michael, he thought of the placement as the left portion of his chest and to be expanded to his shoulder blade and upper left arm because, it was initially perceived that the nub is exchangeablewise situated almost adjacent to the left portion of the chest. Therefore, this placement is an indication that the image represents whatever he believes or hopes to achieve in life, comes from his heart and to be exhibited through the mighty power of the dragon. Michael indicated that the prime(prenominal) for having a tattoo was not at the spur of the moment. The circumstances surrounding the process evolved through time. He actually thought of having a tattoo since he was very you ng, say, about 12 to 13 eld old. By then, he was already figuring out the design, when he would eventually decide to have one, former(prenominal) in the future. When he became friends with a group of teen-agers with motorcycles, they eventually decided to have a tattoo as a symbol of their friendship. Thus, when he was 18 years old, he had the dragon tattoo drawn in the location indicated above. The experience of Michael was far from the experiences of receiving Samoan tatua done by a tufunga. It was learned that a tatatau of Samoan origin was considered more esteemed than one completed by a Tongan tufunga. This was largely repayable to the origins of chiefly lineages in Tonga connecting to Manua and Upolu and because of a divine birthright bestowed on certain Samoan tattoo families like Sua (Manulua par. 16). Thus, the design, placement and the person doing the tattoo has different meanings, as well as levels of expertise in the Tongan tradition.

Sports and Entertainment Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sports and Entertainment Management - examine ExampleFor instance, we found out how important liquidity is for a company. Also, we establish studied or so diverse rules and principles that help pave a way towards success but r arly do we talk about the element of luck involved. There are many times when we are not sure whether we dedicate taken a right decision and only time can unravel the truth. Some decisions function out to be very fortunate while others turn out to be otherwise. The financial crisis of 2008 clear up many contrastes, large and small, and it was just bad luck for those businesses. It was not any fault on their slice that they happened to be in such a dire situation. The most interesting aspect of this presentation, for me, was the emphasis on the formation of an effective team. Mr. X is a man of great skills. His academic qualifications may not be of the level that one expects from such a person but it is no secret that he is a man that possesses very imp ortant skill of creating and managing teams. He has the ability to multiply the size of any business that is handed to him. It is very important for a leader to assess the abilities of the members of his team. He needs to pick those lot who can achieve something by working hard for it rather than just being lucky to dedicate achieved it. The team members should also have an involvement in the decision-making process so that they can be more(prenominal) motivated and interested in doing what is asked of them. Further, the leader can never be complacent and must be active at all times. No one can be perfect and a dear leader always looks to find out his weaknesses and of ways to overcome them. We are living in knowledge domain which is changing so fast that a business always needs to investigate the effectiveness of its period strategy. The changes in technology are continuously putting the tastes of people in new moulds. This highlights the point that a business always needs to be aware of the changes in the tastes of its customers. The respected speaker currently belongs to the athletic field of ice skiing and snowboarding. It is extremely hard to entice people to visit Canada and ski. However, there is a severalize of people that can afford to do this. But the problem is that as more and more gadgets are available for use at home, the interest in outdoor activities is diminishing. There is an overall decline in the world of sports due to this fact. Therefore, in order to establish whether one can be interested in skiing, a lot depends on how the individual is brought up. In the presentation, it has been emphasized that a leader should always be vigilant. It seems a very useful tip for a leader but it can also have a negative impact. A leader who is always looking for high standards might get in like manner excessive in his approach. His constant concern with how the work is being done might irritate his team members and might make them think that he does not trust their abilities. The team members might take a lot of stress due to this excessive supervision which can have dire effects on their work. In my view, Mr. X is quite an autocratic leader because he defines very clearly what is expected from his employees, and holds the power to make final decisions. It can be clearly seen from this presentations that when he asked his employees to go out their absolute best forecasts, they were unbelievably conservative when they gave him their numbers. This made me think why the employees that were business people and finance people did not give their honest opinions? This might be due to the fact that they were afraid that their boss would want more from them and they would be brought under pressure to deliver. It might have happened that they deliberately gave low forecasts so that they would not be

Poetry and Politics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry and Politics Paper - Essay pillow slipBryant opens his poem with the recognition that slavery represents not only a great wrong but in addition a slow and painful journey in rush relations (The closing of Slavery, Line 1). Bryant opens demise of Slavery with O THOU great Wrong, that, through the slow-paced geezerhood, Didst hold they millions fettered, and didst wield The scourge that drove the jack to the field, And turn a stony gaze on human tears, They cruel reign is oer.... (The Death of Slavery, 1900, First Stanza). Thus for Bryants The Death of Slavery, represents not only a reminder of the pain and harm associated with the oppression of one fly the coop over another, but its place in history also serves as a reminder that man pleasant can and has overcome the worst of evils punctuating race relations in history. Bryants last stanza of The Death of Slavery pulls this realization together as follows I see the better years that hasten by Carry thee back into that shadowy early(prenominal), Where, in the dusty spaces, void and vast, The graves of those whom thousand hast murdered lie. The slave-pen, through whose door Thy victims pass no more...(The Death of Slavery, 1900, farthest Stanza). ... Bryant (1900) as well recalls that this grim past At which the slave was sold while at thy feet Scourges and engines of restraint and pain Moulder and rust by thine eternal seat. There, mid the symbols that proclaim they crimes, Dwell thou, a warning to the coming times (The Death of Slavery, 1900, Last Stanza). In other words, recalling the evils of the past, serves as a caution to resist evil of any kind sexual relation to race relations among mankind. Obama likewise, sees the utility in remembering the cruel past. Obama stated that he felt it was a significant visit for his daughters as they would be encouraged to fight cruel oppression of any kind to prevent this kind of history repeating itself. Thomas Mertons And the Children of Birmingham wa s written in the 1960s amidst the race movement in the US during that time. The poem reflects on the bombing in Birmingham, Alabama that killed Black children stage a protest in the 1960s against the oppression of Black in the US is also instructive. And the Children of Birmingham likewise calls attention to the cruel pass in terms of race relations and also speaks to mans ability to overcome this kind of cruel legacy. Herron (2005) informs that from Mertons perspective however, the death of the children in Birmingham is less about(predicate) marking the history of race relations among Americans. Instead, And the Children of Birmingham is more about hope and this hope is expressed by calling upon Americans everywhere to look upon all Americans as equals, as brothers and sisters (2005). And The Children of Birmingham draws attention to the innocent victims and inheritors of the evils of cruel race relations

The current U.S. economic crisis and potential fixes Essay

The current U.S. economic crisis and potential fixes - Essay frameworkCitigroup, UBS, and JPMorgan have all announced negative earnings in their last financial reports as healthy as plans to lay off a significant number of workers. This paper carries out an analysis of how and wherefore the crisis occurs and it evaluates the effectiveness of current measures used by the government to solve this crisis. The rest of the paper is organized as follows Section 2 looks at how the crisis occurred, section three looks at the causes of the crisis that is why the crisis occurred Section 3 looks at the regulatory environment and current solutions and the last section provides some conclusions and recommendations.Sub-prime loans are loans offered to borrowers with no prior cartroad record of good credit history3. Due to the risk inherent in the loans, they are often issued at very high interest rates so as to compensate for the extra risk that they carry4. A sub-prime crises or credit crunch is said to exist when a significant number of sub-prime loans have been issued to unprincipled borrowers5. These crises pose difficulties to both financial institutions and the borrowers. The outbreak of the recent sub-prime crises came after warning signals of write-downs in the value of mortgages new-fangled last year6. House prices in the U.S witnessed an unusual growth between 1997 and 2005. For example, prices increased by approximately 85% during this period. The period 2001 and 2005 witnessed the highest rates of appreciation7. Sub-prime delinquencies and foreclosures were therefore mitigated by house price appreciations during these years. This is so because borrowers facing difficulties to put up regular mortgage payments could depend on the appreciation of the value of their property to solve their financial problems by refinancing the mortgage and withdrawing cash from the increased equity in the house thereby sustaining the new mortgage for a while. Borrowers could r epay the principal by selling off the property8. Appreciation in property prices

Student teachers, educational judgement In the 21st century classroom, Essay

Student teachers, educational judgement In the 21st speed of light classroom, using the companionship of trade unsloped ends to decide appropriate - Essay ExampleThis cover provides a brief philosophical view of education to identify the good ends that mentors should aim for in their teaching education program. Guided by traditional and modern philosophy of education and the insights offered by the current literary productions in the field, the present paper hopes to contribute to the proposal of identifying good ends to decide appropriate means for training 21st century teachers. Identifying the good ends Good ends, in the teaching field are the perfection characteristics pupil teachers should possess in company to prepare them for the challenges in the field. Good ends would serve as guide to help mentors determine the process that student teachers should undergo during education. To identify these qualities, we take light from the wisdom of the great philosopher, Aristotl e. In addition, we dig upon the current literature to reveal further insights on the qualities of an utile teacher. Coulter and Wiens (2002) explored Aristotles view of phronesis and related it to the desirable qualities of a teacher. According to the authors, the term phronesis may mean the same as functional wisdom or practical judgment. By practical wisdom, Coulter and Wiens (2002) mean the possession of knowledge and the ability to apply knowledge in actual hurt. In their discussion of phronesis, Coulter and Wiens consider the line of works made by Hannah Arendt, a Jew philosopher who distinguishes between good entailing and making good decisions. Coulter and Wiens point out that there are teachers who possess knowledge yet are unable to trans plaster bandage their ideas into concrete actions, in other words, they are unable to reach phronesis as they stop in merely possessing knowledge. A review of current literature on the qualities of an effective teacher confirms the i mportance of knowledge or subject matter expertise as one ideal teacher quality (McNamara and Webb, 2008 Auger and Wilderman, 2000 Chickering and Gamson, 1991). However, the said sources do not reflect qualities relating to the concept of phronesis, thus positivistic the lack of realisation of the difference between the possession of knowledge and its application. Coulter and Wiens (2002) articulate Arendts argument that to possess phronesis, teachers should be judging spectators and judging actors at the same time. Judging spectators are able to mobilise and reflect on what is happening around them. They possess an understanding of occurrences, and are able to interpret these occurrences on their own. Following this, future teachers should be trained to make good judgments. This is possible if teachers will be allowed to think and decide for themselves. Krishnaveni and Anitha (2007 28) identify the exercise of autonomy and proper decision making as a form of teacher empowerment. Thus, to promote the attitude of judging spectators, mentors should provide opportunities for student teachers to make their own decisions whether in terms of instruction, classroom management, and assessment. Moreover, teachers who are judging spectators are able to deal with pluralityor the ability to coexist with others, even those from other cultures.

W2CapD Vision and Mission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W2CapD Vision and Mission - Essay Examplee benefit a ken statement gives the picture of the preferred future the vision is a statement that describes how the future will assure if the governance meets its commissioning (Wilkinson, 2013, p. 1). Thus, the mission statement defines the specific strategies that are to be undertaken to ensure that the vision is achieved. determine play a crucial role in the vision and mission of an organization. The beliefs, principles, and philosophies of the officers and leaders in the organization influence the manner by which vision and mission statements are designed. As emphasized, vision and mission statements should aver the essence of your organizations beliefs and values and define its place in the world (Foundation Center, 2015, p. 1). Likewise, core values are upgrade asserted as the the principles and standards at the very center of our character, and from which we will not budge or stray. (As such), unconstipated though we frequently talk about mission and vision first, the basic underlying foundation for two are our core values (Grusenmeyer, n.d., p. 2). As such, the theoretical or conceptual framework which becomes the foundation of the mission and vision statements are the values set ingrained in the incorporating owners or members of the organization. What they believe they need or want to achieve in the long term would define the mission and vision that would be explicitly communicated to the rest of the stakeholders.Wilkinson, M. (2013, January 30). Theres a difference mission v. vision. Retrieved from managementhelp.org

God of Small Things Quotes Essay Example for Free

God of Sm alwaysy Things Quotes EssayExtended metaphor Perhaps Ammu, Estha and she were the worst transgressors. But it wasnt sound them. They all broke the rules. They all crossed into forbidden territory. They all crossed into forbidden territory. They all tampered with the laws that send down who should be kip downd and how. And how much. The laws that make grandmothers grandmothers, uncles uncles, mothers mothers, cousins cousins, jam jam, and jelly jelly.Rahel and Estha live in a night club with very rigid class lines. Commonly held view that a married lady friend had no mail in her parents home. As for a divorced daughter according to Baby Kochamma, she had no position anywhere at all. And for a divorced daughter from a love marriage, well, words could non describe Baby Kochammas divulge exasperationChacko told the twins that, though he dis identicald to admit it, they were all Anglophiles. They were a family of Anglophiles. Pointed in the wrong direction, trapped outside their own history and unable to retrace their steps because their footprints had been swept awayThe concept of Anglophilia is a big one in this book, from the way everyone fawns over Sophie Mol, to Chackos self-asserting attitude just well-nigh his Oxford degree, to the whole familys obsession with The Sound of Music. But its pretty clear that the thing they love also holds them down. When Chacko says their footprints have been swept away, he is making a reference to the way members of the Un cutaneous sensesable class have to sweep away their footprints so that people of higher classes dont pollute themselves by walking in them. Even though by Indian standards their family is of a relatively high social status, they are of a low social status in relation to the British.Pappachi would non allow Paravans into the house. Nobody would. They were not allowed to touch anything that Touchables touched. Caste Hindus and Caste Christians. Mammachi told Estha and Rahel that she c ould remember a time, in her girlhood, when Paravans were expected to crawl backwards with a broom, wholesale away their footprints so that Brahmins or Syrian Christians would not defile themselves by accidentally stepping into a Paravans footprint. In Mammachis time, Paravans, like other Untouchables, were not allowed to walk on public roads, not allowed to cover their upper bodies, not allowed to carry umbrellas. They had to put their turn overs over their mouths when they spoke, to divert their polluted breath away from those whom they addressed. (2.270) This quote speaks volumes about the experience of the Untouchables, and it helps us appreci consume the kinds of deeply ingrained attitudes that drive so much of the prejudice and hate we see in the novel.Then Baby Kochamma shuddered her schoolgirl shudder. That was when she said How could she stand the smell? Havent you noticed? They have a peculiar(a) smell, these Paravans. (13.129) uniform Mammachi, Baby Kochamma has a heap of prejudices against other social classes, and these prejudices run deep. By disparaging Velutha out loud and saying that his smell must have been intolerable, she tries to show just how high class she is.Mammachis rage at the old one-eyed Paravan standing in the rain, drunk, dribbling and covered in mud was re-directed into a cold contempt for her daughter and what she had done. She thought of her naked, coupling in the mud with a man who was cypher merely a filthy coolie. She imagined it in vivid detail a Paravans coarse black hand on her daughters breast. His mouth on hers. His black hips jerking amidst her parted legs. The sound of their breathing. His particular Paravan smell. Like animals, Mammachi thought and nearly vomited. (13.131) Again, we see just how deeply Mammachis prejudices run. She doesnt see Ammu and Veluthas relationship as love between two people, as it might look to us. As far as she is concerned, it is as low as two animals going at it in the mud. The ide a of a coolie (lower-class laborer) having sex with her daughter is so repulsive to Mammachi that it almost makes her puke.Still, to say that it all began when Sophie Mol came to Ayemenem is only one way of looking at it.Equally, it could be argued that it actually began thousands of years ago. Long onward the Marxists came. Before the British took Malabar, before the Dutch Ascendancy, before Vasco da Gama arrived, before the Zamorins conquest of Calicut. Before three purple-robed Syrian bishops murdered by the Portuguese were lay down floating in the sea, with coiled sea serpents riding on their chests and oysters knotted in their tangled beards. It could be argued that it began long before Christianity arrived in a boat and seeped into Kerala like tea from a bag.That it really began in the days when the Love Laws were do. The laws that lay down who should be loved, and how. And how much. (1.207-210) This quote is full of what might seem like obscure references, but what its bas ically doing is pushing us to think about what caused everything to fall apart for Estha and Rahel. Did everything discern crashing down because Sophie Mol came to Ayemenem? Or do the events of the novel happen as a result of decisions, actions, and rules that were made thousands of years before any of our characters were even born? Do things happen for a reason, because theyre part of this massive plan, or do they just happen because the world is fickle like that?Estha knew that if Ammu found out about what he had done with the Orangedrink Lemondrink Man, shed love him less as well. Very much less. He entangle the shaming churning heaving turning sickness in his stomach. (4.245) We can be pretty sure that if Ammu ever found out that Estha was molested, she wouldnt be upset with him. Shed be unbelievably angry at the Orangedrink Lemondrink Man, but she would never actually blame Estha. Yet, in Esthas mind, what happened to him is his fault, and he carries it around as his shameAm mu touched her daughter gently. On her shoulder. And her touch meant Shhhh.Rahel looked around her and saw she was in a Play. But she had only a low-pitched part.She was just the landscape. A flower perhaps. Or a tree.A face in the crowd. A Townspeople. (8.48-50)This endorsement turns the way Rahel understands her role at home upside-down. All of a sudden, things are totally different than they commonly are. Rahels realization that theyre in a play shows us that everyone here is playing a part to round extent they arent being themselves. Sophie Mols arrival topples over Rahels reality she goes from being one of the leads to being the nobody in the background.Now, all these years later, Rahel has a memory of waking up one night giggling at Esthas quaint dream.She has other memories too that she has no right to have.She remembers, for instance (though she hadnt been there), what the Orangedrink Lemondrink Man did to Estha in Abhilash Talkies. She remembers the taste of the tomato sandwiches Esthas sandwiches, that Estha ate on the Madras Mail to Madras. (1.10-12) Rahels ability to remember things that happened to Estha and not her tells us a lot about their enounce identity and how profoundly she understands him.

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations EssayMagwitch is simply portrayed as an evil man chasing a poor boy piece in the bend version we get to learn a little to a greater extent about Magwitch and can empathise with him more. The 1946 run version incorporates both characterisation and maintaining the hearings interest (done finished conference kinda than just one dramatic word). thitherfore, I would argue it is more useful. The sound operations employ in both necessitates are dramatic and each has bites where the sounds mathematical functiond are more effective than the new(prenominal) film. For example, Leans film exploits use of trees creaking, wind whistling, a short sharp scream and loud lonely raspberry bush calls.These sounds build up the effect of loneliness and solitude surrounding Pip. This is effective because it allows the audience to become emotionally attached to the character which makes it more dramatic when Pip meets Magwitch. On the other hand, the 1999 version of the film makes use of heavy breathing and very loud sudden bird calls. These sound effects are corpuscle dramatic than the other films effects because the birds and heavy breathing are very loud and upfront rather than subtle. They really add to the injection and so I believe both the films have equally effective sound effects.A heavy use of symbolism is evident in both films. In the Lean version some symbolism used includes the book at the beginning. This represents that a story is about to be retold and the pages of the book turning suggest that the audience are being immersed into a story. The book may alike be a subtle tribute to Dickens from Lean who acknowledges that the film is based on a novel. In fact, Lean tries to remain faithful to some of Dickens descriptions such as the horizontal lines in the sky. The shot of Magwitchs dirty skin is alike an interesting use of symbolism.This is very effective because non just does it introduce us to Magwitchs circumstances but it withal helps develop an alternate side to him. The dirt on his skin not only suggests that he is different underneath but also builds that he has been through a lot. The contrast in colouring between Magwitchs dark hand and Pips pale skin also reiterates how Magwitch is more evil and Pip is vulnerable. It is very effective because it has many purposes and is done very subtly. thither is also symbolism in the later film and an interesting example is the birds flying in the sky.The quick variation from Pips face to the flying birds suggests to the audience that something terrible is happening. The timing of the cut suggests that the birds caws are covering what would be the boys screams. There is also the symbolism in that birds are free and can fly away from trouble while Pip is limited and can not get away so easily. I would argue that thither is more important symbolism that has more purposes in the Lean version because in that location is a tribute to Dickens and it is use d to develop the characters and plotline while the later film mainly uses symbolism for dramatic effect only. peerless way in which the earlier version is very good is in the use of the camera. One place where it is very effective is when there is a long shot panning behind a tree in a graveyard it is possibly a point of view shot. This not only sets the scene and establishes the background due to the long-shot but also pisss the feeling that the audience are hiding and watching the boy. This makes them curio what will happen to the boy as the audience will not know at this moment whether the character whose view we are taking has good or bad intentions.There is editing where there is flicking from one shot to another and this builds tension and creates confusion. This is used in the dialogue between Pip and Magwitch to show the urgency of the situation. Between this rapid editing the shots are mainly extreme close ups of Magwitchs face to create fear and close-ups of Pip so his e motions are very clear to the audience. The 1946 film has a lot of variations in shot however the 1999 film mainly uses point of view and mid-shots which are interesting because they allow the audience to stay close to what is going on.Yet the variety in the Lean film keeps the audiences interest engaged. There would not have been a choice at the time the film was made but because the film is in black and white it is often very striking as the black white and greyish seem minimalist but they still strongly contrast. Lean uses the black and white to create black contrasts in the sky and background to emphasise the eeriness and loneliness of the setting. So although he can not make full use of the colour that the later film can Lean uses the contrasts in symbolism.Overall, I would say that although both films have very good openings the earlier one has more ways that make it a better introduction to the story as a whole. Generally I feel that the Lean film has shots that allow for m ore characterisation and development of plot while also making the rattling dramatic impact that is imperative to retain the interest of an audience. Show laggard only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be appoint in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Assassination of John F. Kennedy Essay Example for Free

Assassination of John F. Kennedy EssayOn the day of November 24, 1963, Americans were all shocked by the sudden death of the 35th President of the United States of America. During that day, the itinerary of the president was to join the motorcade from the Dallas airport to the city barter district. While the President and the First Lady were aboard an open vehicle along with other governmental dignitaries in Dallas, Texas, a gun chatoyant was fired as the presidential party approached the Dealey Plaza.Unfortunately, it was Kennedy who was the target and was hit on the head and on his back. The only other causality during that event was John Connally, the Texas Governor who was also shot on the back. Though Jackie Kennedy, the First Lady, was seated near the President in the car, she was left unharmed (BBC, 2008). numerous civilians have witnessed this incident because it happened in a public place and it was televised at the local TV networks.Because of these circumstances, many an(prenominal) claimed that they have testn where the gunman took his shot. According to Bob Jackson, a photographer from Dallas Times Herald who was then showing the event and situated near the presidential car, As I looked up I saw a rifle being pulled back from a window it might have been resting on the windowsill I didnt see a man. Also, others said that the shots came from the window of a building overlooking the road where Kennedy was shot (BBC, 2008).After the dig incident, the president was right away brought to the Parklands hospital. But after 35 minutes, Kennedy was pronounced dead. As the protocol, Lyndon John, vice-president, who was next in line was immediately sworn in as the new US leader. This tragedy caught America by surprise that have left them mourning the unexpected death and the brief term in status of President John F. Kennedy (BBC, 2008).

THE Nuremberg Trials Essay Example for Free

THE Nuremberg Trials EssaySection 1 introduction Hypotheses Importance of Study MethodologySection 2 Presentation and Analysis of Data (a) The Need for Gaining nicety last solutions muniment (b) The Victims to Whom Justice Must be RenderedSection 3 Topic heavyset Section 4 abolish NotesThe Nuremberg TrialSection 1 Introduction final solution had been a grand mark in the pages of adult male report. Understandably, the ones who were involved within the situation as the victims certainly need to agnise the fact that they atomic number 18 given the judge that they primarily deserve. Justice is one particular thing that could at least ease the pain of the family members of the victims if not the victims themselves of the said historical all the samet. The establishment of the legalities of the matter through the Nuremberg trials very notes the possible ways by which the said victims could be given the safeice that they deserve.Hypotheses The need for justice is an un embellished right of altogether human beings beings. Understandably, through the Nuremberg trials, this particular right of the victimized individuals during the Nazi regime sh every be given attention through legal measures and investigations and punishment for those who urinate been found guilty of the massive human death that happened during the holocaust.Importance of Study Understanding explanation and knowing that whatever injustices happened back consequently be given the chance to be straightened out later on through legal terms gives the union a better vision on the strength of legal institutions to take careful hold of upholding the idealisms of human rights. This gives the entire human society a better view of how the legal system deeds and how justice is applied even upon those who were powerful in government office. Justice served through careful investigation and rightful(prenominal) punishment stand as the proof of the strength of the legal systems to imply ri ghtful justice for the victims of any struggle era which would rather give relief to those who were victimized as well as to their family members whom they whitethorn have left if they unfortunately died during the said majestic events in the past.Methodology To be able to compile the rightful foundation of the discussion that shall be familiariseed herein, the researcher is to use the history of holocaust as a primary basis as to how the Nuremberg trial developed towards the aim of finding the right population who are supposed to answer for the deaths of many a(prenominal) people during ball state of war II. Later on, the discussion on the minutes with which the idea of setting up a Nuremberg Trial shall also be given explanation thusly giving a clear discussion on how the said system of justice and punishment works and how it particularly gave the martyrs and the victims a sense of justice from all the dreadful things that they have experienced during the Second World W ar.Section 2 Presentation and Analysis of Data(a) The Need for Gaining Justice Holocausts HistoryHOLOCAUSTwhat does it mean? According to some dictionaries, it was the genocidal slaughter of European Jews by the Nazis during World WarII. This could considerably give the impression that only Jews poseed and died at the hands of the Nazis. Yet, are justice and truth served in having Holocaust apply only to the Jewish victims of the Nazi era?Writer Richard Lukas acress The word Holocaust suggests to most people the tragedy the Jews experienced infra the Germans during World WarII. From a psychological point of view, it is understandable wherefore Jews today prefer that the term refer exclusively to the Jewish experience ... Yet, by excluding others from inclusion in the Holocaust, the horrors that Poles, other Slavs, and Gypsies endured at the hands of the Nazis are often ignored, if not forgotten.Lukas also states To them the historians, the Holocaust was unique to the Jews, and they accordingly have had little or nothing to say about the nine gazillion Gentiles, including three billion Gentile Poles, who also perished in the greatest tragedy the world has ever known.When Hitlers armies invaded Po destroy in September 1939, they were under companionships to carry out Hitlers policy of obtaining Lebensraum, living space, for the German people. As Richard Lukas states To the Nazis, the Poles were Untermenschen (subhumans) who occupied a land which was part of the Lebensraum (living space) coveted by the superior German race. Thus, Hitler original his troops to kill without ignominy or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way mess we obtain the living space we need. ( come up of Law, Internet)September 1939 started a relentless horror for the Polish people. Hitler had stated The war is to be a war of annihilation. Hitlers henchman Heinrich Himmler declared All Poles will disappear from the world. ... It is natu ral that the great German people should consider it as a major task to destroy all Poles. Thus, the Holocaust was not aimed at just Polish Jews it was aimed at all Poles. dismay was applied in all occupied countries. ... But in Poland everyone was subject to such brutality, and mass executions based on the normal of collective guilt were far more frequent, because every Pole, regardless of age, sex, or health, was a member of a condemned nationcondemned by the policy-makers in the Nazi party and government, states Catherine Leach, translator of the Polish book Values and military unit in Auschwitz. She states that Himmler viewed the Poles as a lower race to be kept in serfdom.Even afterward Polands surrender September 28, 1939, the Wehrmacht German troops continued to take seriously Hitlers admonition of August 22, 1939, when he authorized killing without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. How could the German army and the SS be motivated t o such pitiless murder? By being saturated with the teaching of the advantage of the Aryan race and the inferiority of all others. Thus, as Lukas states in The Forgotten Holocaust The Nazi opening of colonial empire in Poland was based on the denial of humanity to the Poles whom, next to the Jews, Hitler hated the most.In his introduction to the book Commandant of Auschwitz, Lord Russell of Liverpool said During the war probably not less than dozen million men, women, and children from the invaded and occupied territories were done to death by the Germans. At a conservative estimate, eight million of them perished in concentration camps. Of these, not less than five million were Jews. ... The real number, however, will never be known. On the basis of these figures alone, at least seven million victims were not Jews.Another testimony is that of Catherine Leach, who writes Poland was the starting time country to be subjected to Hitlers negative demographic policy, whose purpose wa s to prepare the vast territories in The eastern for German resettlement, and Poland suffered the greatest losses in life of all the occupied countries220 per 1000 inhabitants. Polish sources state that no less than 6,028,000 Polish citizens ... lost their lives. Of these, 3,200,000 were Jews. That means that nearly 50% of the Polish dead were non-Jews. (Conquest, 1990, 92)Indisputably, in that respect has been a Forgotten Holocaust of millions of non-Jewish victims, mainly of Slavic origin. These include the millions of Russians slaughtered by the Nazis. Those Russians had no choice (Conquest, 1990, 92). By antecedent of Nazi racial doctrine, they were inexorably condemned to death. Yet, these statistics fail to take into account the thousands of non-Jewish Germans who also suffered as victims of the Holocaust for daring to oppose Hitler and his racist supremacy philosophy. Among these were thousands of Jehovahs Witnesses who refused to collaborate in Hitlers militaristic preten sions (Conquest, 1990, 92). Yes, sprinkled across Germany and the Nazi-occupied countries were thousands of people who made a deliberate choice that led to the concentration camps and to death for many as martyrs.(b) The Victims to Whom Justice Must be RenderedWHY make a distinction between victims and martyrs? Because all those who suffered as a result of the Holocaust were victims, but only a minority were truly martyrs in the strict sense of the word. What is the difference (Bauer, 1972, 1300). A victim is someone who is put to death or subjected to whirl or suffering by another. Victims usually have no choice. A martyr is one who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce religious principles or one who sacrifices something very important to him in order to further a belief, cause, or principle. (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language) Thus, the victim is usually involuntary, era the martyr is voluntary.In a conference on the non-Jewish victims of the Nazis , Dr.Gordon Zahn, University of Massachusetts, defined the Nazis victims under three headings (1) those who suffered for what they wereJews, Slavs, Gypsies (2) those who suffered for what they didhomosexuals, political activists, and resisters (3) and those who suffered for what they refused to doconscientious objectors. Millions of Jews suffered and died simply because they were Jews in the ethnic sense. It mattered not to Hitlers henchmen whether they were Orthodox or atheistic Jews (Shnayerson, 1996, 132). They were condemned to the final solution, or extermination, as Hitlers method of ridding Europe of all Jews was called. Likewise, the Slavs, who for Hitlers crusade were mainly the Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians, were condemned just for being Slavic, an inferior race in comparison to the supreme Aryan stock.The existence of the major victims of the history of holocaust primarily shouts out towards the legal systems at present to be able to gain the justice that they believe t hey deserve as primary receivers of the hideous situations of those times. This is the reason why the introduction of the Nuremberg trials actually answers this particular need, not only to give justice to the people who were directly affected by the said history but also to clarify the names who are really involved with the said situation in the past. In connection with the Nuremberg (Germany) trial of Nazi war criminals after World War II, the Nuremberg Law that was followed was this chauvinistic obedience in crime does not establish innocence. The development of the Nuremberg trials started during the end of the Second World War when the victims of the Nazi regime began to cry out for the justice that they ought to receive. Having the people responsible for what has happened back then was believed to be a great relief to the depression that such victims felt after the war years. Their recovery of the dreadful experiences that they have dealt with during the war years is the utmo st concern of such proceedings.Moreover, the said trial tries to identify the culprits rat the holocaust murder to give a statement that such acts of inhumane treatment deserves to be penalise and shall never be overlooked by the legal systems established by the alliance of the different nations from then until the present days. It was primarily the symbol of the beginning of the recognition of human rights that is supposed to mark the minds of those who are comfort planning to do the same thing as Hitler himself did along with his comrades.Section 3 Topic stocky History would be history, but the indications of truth that it leaves the human civilization are reactive up until the present years of human living. The Nuremberg Trial remains to be among the huge indications that history actually impacts the legal systems until the watercourse generations of human civilization.Likely, this system of historical impact in the legal systems does more than just address the necessarily of war victims. It also developed a more systematic process of which the human rights would be safeguarded even during war situations in case they would occur. This particular part of history is indeed a primary reason why it is important to turn ones back to the past and learn something from what has happened before to have things run smoothly at present for everyone living in the human society.Section 4 End Notes John Crossland Churchill execute Hitler without trial in The Sunday Times, January 1, 2006 Tehran Conference Tripartite Dinner encounter November 29, 1943 Soviet Embassy, 830 PM Judgement The Law Relating to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity contained in the Avalon flip archive at Yale Law School. but by 1939 these rules laid down in the Hague Convention of 1907 were recognised by all civilized nations, and were regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war Trial of Otto Skorzeny and Others, everyday Military Government Court of the U.S. Zone of Germany, 18 August to 9 September 1947.Bibliography Conquest, Robert. The Great Terror A Reassessment London Oxford University Press, 1990 page 92. Bauer, Eddy. The Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II bulk 22 New York Marshall Cavendish Corporation 1972 page 3071. Robert Shnayerson. Judgment at Nuremberg Fifty years past the trial of Nazi war criminals ended the world had witnessed the rule of law invoked to punish unspeakable atrocities. From Smithsonian magazine, October 1996, pp. 124141. 1996. The Rule of Law. http//law.wustl.edu/alumni/magazine/spring2002/01_rule_of_law.pdf. (June 29, 2008). Trial of Otto Skorzeny and Others, General Military Government Court of the U.S. Zone of Germany, 18 August to 9 September 1947.(The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language)

Compensation Management Essay Example for Free

requital Management Essay stipend does not refer, however, to other kinds of eployee rewards such as deferred payment ceremonies and executement parties. The ultimate objectives of compensation administration argon efficient maintenance of a productiveworkforce,equitable pay, and compliance with federal, state, and local regulations based on what companies cig bette afford. The radical concept of compensation administrationcompensation managementis rather simple employees perform tasks for employers and so companies pay employees prosecutes for the jobs they do.Consequently, compensation is an exchange or a transaction, from which both partiesemployers and employeesbenefit both parties birth ab out(a)thing for giving something. Compensation, however, involves much more than this simple transaction. From the employers perspective, compensation is an issue of both affordability andemployee motivation. Companies must consider what they ordure reasonably afford to pay thei r employees and the ramifications of their decisions testament they affectemployee turnoverand productivity?In addition, some employers and managers cereb place pay can influence employee work ethic and behaviour and hence link compensation to performance. and social, economic, legal, and political forces also exert influence on compensation management, making it a complicated all the same important part of managing a business concern. Compensation and recognise scheme plays vital role in a business fundamental law. Since, among four Ms, i. e Men, Material, Machine and funds, Men has been most important broker, it is impossible to imagine a business process with tabu Men. Advantages of Fair Compensation trunkTherefore a fair compensation system is a must for both business organic law. The fair compensation system will suspensor in the fol imprinting 1. If an ideal compensation system is designed, it will have positive impact on the faculty and results produced by work men. 2. such(prenominal) system will encourage the normal player to perform better and achieve the examples fixed. 3. This system will encourage the process of job evaluation. It will also help in aspect up an ideal job evaluation, which will have transpargonncy, and the standards fixing would be more realistic and achievable. . Such a system would be well defined and uniform. It will be apply to all the levels of the ecesis as a general system. 5. The system would be simple and flexible so that either worker/recipient would be able to compute his own compensation receivable. 6. Such system would be simplified to implement, so that it would not penalize the workers for the reasons beyond their control and would not result in exploitation of workers. 7. It will raise the team spirit, efficiency and cooperation among the workers. It, being just and fair would permit satisfaction to the workers. 8.Such system would help management in complying with the various labor acts. 9. Such system would also bring about unthreatening amazetlement of disputes between the workmen union and management. 10. The system would embody itself the principle of equal work equal wages. cost increase for those who perform better and opportunities for those who wish to excel. Need for designing of compensation Policy After going with the role and essentials of a sound compensation system, it becomes imperative that every business organization should be set up for itself a proper Compensation Policy.The Management of the organization must have well-designed Compensation Policy. The insurance calls for deciding the criteria for promotions, up-gradations etc.tera It would also be necessary to fix up the standard expectations from each and every workmen/employee. The policy should image the norms to be followed for motion Appraisal or Job Evaluation. It should also chalk out the need for training, renders for fringe benefits, welf ar schemes etc. It must prescribe the man ner in which such benefits would be extended and levels within the organization to which such benefits are extendable.The incentive schemes and its details, Pay package structure, esteem implications etc. are matters of concern while designing the compensation Policy. Importance of Compensation System Money makes the mare go is the proverb. It holds good for all the factors participating in the business process expects its fair luck of prosperity of the business. Compensation/ Reward System play a vital role in the business organization. And its importance can be very well ascertained as follows 1. Sound Compensation/Reward System brings amicability and peace in the relationship of employer and employees. . The system brings out the best out of every employee in the organization. It aims at creating a healthy competition among them. And as such, encourages them to work hard and efficiently. 3. The system provides seemly opportunities to those who wish to perform better. The syst em provides growth and advancement opportunities to the deserving employees. 4. The system upholds the principle of equal wages. It provides transparency and parity too. 5. The perfect Compensation system provides platform for happy and satisfied workforce, this minimizes the labour turnover.The organization enjoys the stability. 6. The organization is able to retain the best talent by providing them adequate compensation thereby s diademping them from slip over to another job. 7. The business organization can think of expansion and growth if it has the support of skillful, expert and happy workforce. 8. The sound Compensation system is hallmark of Organizations success and prosperity. The success and stability of organization is amount of moneyd with pay-package it provides to its employees. 9. Both employer and employees get benefited because of the sound Compensation System. 0. A sound Compensation System helps the organization keep pace with changing environment. It helps th e organization to cope up with the wage levels in inhabit industries. 11. Sound Compensation System minimizes the complaints from the employees, provides them the congenial work environment to perform better and sets up for them the targets to be achieved. Definite targets help employees know their role in the organization, which minimize wastage, and enhance overall efficiency. It also helps organization to reduce the cost of production and maximize profits The Compensation SystemTime sitePiece rate BonusProfit sharing corroboratory pecuniary Incentive Time Rate System This system is divided into three categories. Time Rates cut-and-dried level High engross LevelGraduated Time Rates Ordinary Level It is calculated on succession (daily, calendar monthly, each week etc. )The formula for calculation of salary is Rate per hour X Hours worked = Earnings (RPH X HW=E). High Wage Level It is calculated on hourly background put over sentence is not paid. The formula for calculation of salary is RPH X HW = E Graduate System Payment the basic is linked with dearness cost of living.The index of cost of living is varying and that is considered for calculating the remuneration. linguistic rule rudimentary Salary is Rs. 2,000/- and Cost of living Index (D. A) is 100% then, Rs 2000+100% of Rs 2000 as cost of living is added, consequently total remuneration is Rs. 4000/-. It is after 6 months, cost of living index change 150%. indeed basic salary + 150 % of basic salary si. e Rs 3,000/- will make it Rs, 5000. Piece Rate/ Payment Rate (Payment by Results) System of Piece Rate (Payment by Results) serial Piece RatePiece deoxyadenosine monophosphate Time Combination Differential Piece RateTaylor System Merrick System Gantt Task System Straight Piece Rate Payment Flat rate is applicable per unit, which is predetermined. The clock spent is not considered. Formula PPR X O = Earnings. Piece Rate and Time Rate Combinations Payment It is a dual rate system, designed to perfect inefficient workers. The worker is ensured to get the stripped- polish payment. If the payment is calculated on the basis of piece rate guarantees and number of pieces fall below the minimum wages guaranteed, he is paid by time Rate. Differential Piece rate Payment In favour of piece rate system, minimum wages were assured.However, below this system, instead of combining time-rate and piece-rate, there are dual rates for different efficiency level. The purpose behind keeping high piece rate for higher efficiency is as the level of production increases, the cost per unit falls. Bonus Bonus is given by the company to their employees as a reward. It is been fixed by the government i. e 8. 33%. Bonus encourages the employees to work hard. It is a motivating factor for the employees to improve their efficiency. Profit Sharing Profit Sharing is the most motivating factor.When the company makes profit it gives some kind of share to their employees as an annual increment. This h elps to motive employees to work hard and get more increment. Indirect Monetary Incentive Indirect Monetary Incentives like traveling allowance, HRA, Dearness allowance, medical facility etc. are very motivating for the employees. Elements or ingredients of a good wage plan Before we plow these two plans, it would be fruitful to know the ingredients of a good wage plan. These are- 1. It should be good on a lower floorstandable i. e all the employees should easily under(a)stand what they are to get for their work.They should be instructed in how the wage plan works. 2. It should be assailable of easy computation i. e. it should be sufficiently simple to permit bustling calculation. Mathematical tables whitethorn be supplied, by reference to which calculations can be quickly made. 3. It should be capable of effectively motivating the employees, i. e it should provide an incentive for work. If both the quality and quantity of work are to be stressed at the same time, a plan shoul d be selected that will not unduly influence the worker to work too fast or to become careless about quality. . It should provide for remuneration to employees as soon as possible after the effort has been made. Daily or weekly payment of wage would be preferable to induce employees to work. 5. It should be relatively stable rather than much varying so that employees are assured of a stable amount of money. Reasons or factors affecting wage derivatives Wages differ in different traffics or occupations, industries and localities, and also between persons in the same employment or wander. One therefore comes across such terms as occupational wage differentials.Wage differentials have been classified into three categories First, the differentials that can be attributed to imperfections in the employment markets, such as the express mail knowledge of workers in regard to alternative job opportunities available elsewhere, obstacles to geographical, occupational or inter-firm mobilit y of workers, or time lags in the adjustments of resource distribution and changes in the scope and structure of economic activities. Examples of such wage differentials are inter-industry inter firm and geographical or inter-area wage differentials.Second, the wage differentials which cableate in social value and prejudices and which are deeper and more persistent than economic factors. Wage differentials by sex, age, status or ethnic origin belong to this category. Third, occupational wage differentials, which would exist even if employment markets were perfect and social prejudices, were absent. Wage differential arises because of the following factors- a. Difference in the efficiency of the labour, which may be due to inborn quality, education and conditions under which work may be done. . The existence of non-competing group due to difficulties in the way of the mobility of labour from low paid to high paid employments. c. Difference in the agreeableness or social esteem of em ployment. d. Differences in the nature of employment and occupations. Norms for Fixation of Wages in Industry 1. While computing the minimum wages, the standard working class family should be considered as consisting of four consumption units and the earnings of women, children and adolescents should be excluded. . The minimum sustenance requirements should be determined on the grounds of a net intake of 2700 calories as laid down by Akroyd for a normal adult in India. 3. Clothing needs should be established on the basis of a per capita consumption of 16. 62 meters per year. 4. As regards housing, the minimum wages should be determined from the tie-up of the rent corresponding to the minimum area specified under the government Industrial Housing Scheme. 5. heterogenous expenditure on items such fuel, lighting etc. hould from 20 per cent of the total minimum wage. The consequence further prescribes that the authorities involved in the issue should justify any deviation from thes e norms. Retirement benefits think enactments in India Employees Provident Fund run The Act was passed with a view to making some provision for the future of the industrial worker after his retirement or for his dependents in case of his early finis and inculcating the habit of saving among the workers.The object of the Act is to provide substantial security and timely monetary assistance to industrial employees and their families when they are in distress and or unable to meet family and social obligations and to protect them in old age, disablement, early death of the bread winner and in some other contingencies. The act provides for a scheme for the institution of Provident Fund for specified classes of employees. Accordingly, the Employees Provident Funds Scheme was framed under Section 5 of the Act, which came into force on 1st November, 1952. Main features of the ActThe Act is applicable to factorize and other establishments engaged in specified industries classes of esta blishment, which have completed three years of their existence and employing 20 or more persons. The Act, however, does not apply to co-operative societies employing less than 50 persons and working without the aid of power. An establishment, which is not differently coverable under the Act, can be covered voluntarily with the mutual consent of the employer and the majority of the employees. Employees drawing a pay not exceeding Rs. 5000 per month (And now it is amended to Rs. 6500/- ecently) are eligible for membership of the fund. any employee employed in or in connection with the fund from the date of joining the factory or establishment. The normal rate of contribution to the provident fund by the employees and the employers as prescribed in the Act is 10 percent of the pay of the employees. The term wages intromits basic wage. Dearness allowance including cash value of food concession and retaining allowance, if any. Employees State Insurance Scheme The Employees State Insur ance Scheme Act, 1948 is a pioneering measure in the field of social insurance in our country.This act came into force from 19th April, 1948. The Scheme under the Act aims at providing for certain cash benefits to employees in the case of sickness, maternity, employment injury and medical facilities in kind, and to make provisions for certain other matters in relations thereto. The term employee has wide connotation and would include within its scope functions of clerical, manual, technical and supervisory. Persons whose remuneration (excluding remuneration for overtime work) does not exceed Rs. 6500 a month are covered under the Act.The Act does not make any distinction between causative or temporary employees or between technical or non-technical employees. Employees employed directly by the school principal employer and those employed by or through contractor. However, the definition of employee does not include any member of the Indian naval, military or air force. Compensatio n Structure and its fragments One of the most vital factors the motivation, retention and the morale amongst the employees is the compensation system, policies and review philosophies of any organization.While the bargain able employees broadly speaking have their unions to negotiate or review terms with the Management-which are governed by the Long Term Settlements- the terms of the managerial employees are for the most part seen to be at the mercy or the goodwill of the organization, reviews of which may or may not be regular or timely, or often do not seem to meet the expectations or system of logic of such employees. Management Compensation therefore, now plays a very significant part along with the working style and environment, empowerment etc. in the organizations success strategy.While individual organizations may have differences in their methodologies based on factors best suited their perceived needs, some general directions are evident, and are discussed below. 1. Sa lary, Basic Salary or Consolidated Salary wrap ups to remain as the major component of compensation, though Salary Scales are often discarded these days, or utilise only as guides. unmarried Salary is generally decided initially using the Scale, but thereafter performance, contribution to targets or results generated determine the revisions periodically, which may vary widely from individual to individual. Salary broad handling is therefore, getting recognition and acceptance. 2. pasture wise flat Allowance is being considered generally, except where tax exemption benefits are still available, when they continue as separate components. Allowances may be linked to the Salary as a percentage or by slabs, but preference is for flat amounts, which do not increase automatically, and therefore increase could be discretionary, and therefore controllable. 3. Reimbursements of expenses incurred on Company work has become limited, and in line to conform to the tax laws. universe actual in most cases, they are not considered as a part of the compensation, unless it is provided towards personal benefits. 4. Annual payments Bonus or Commission, and Leave travel are common features some tax reliefs apply for the latter. 5. Benefits generally comprise of mostly unfurnished company owned or leased accommodation, use of company or leased vehicles, medical coverage, retrial benefits covering Provident Fund, Pension or Superannuation and Gratuity, post-retrial medical assistance, easy loan schemes at low or zero interest rates for house building, cars or vehicles, furniture or utility items etc. enting employees owned housing, club entrance free reimbursement etc. Minor benefits could be provision of security, driver or gardening assistance, else of products or assets at a concessional rate, relocation and transfer expenses including admission etc. fees for children, credit card fees, phones etc. 6. Employee stock option schemes which has been popular in IT industry-,is not extensively used yet, not being tax advantageous to other industries, nor seen as being very attractive with lesser growth trends for their share values especially in the well-established older companies. 7.Most companies, as against earlier subgross costs, use the Total cost to the Company concept as basis. Cost of the most benefits are averaged or computed on actual basis, and within the system of the overall cost, but with greater compliance to tax laws, this hoop concept is on the wane. 8. Retiral benefits Some in recognition of the past contribution of pensioners, and to partly offset the ostentation post retirement practices periodic improvement in pensions, or a guaranteed grade minimum pension. 9. Performance Bonus that does not increase future liability is being given more as recognition of results generated.It requires transparent, balanced and fair systems and benchmarks, and also agrees targets by the managers in advance during planning and review discussions. 10. Fr om the earlier grade oriented compensation system within reasonable boundaries, compensation often has to be somewhat orient made for specialist or key contributors to retain them in the very volatile job market. 11. Compensation review periods have become annual generally and sometimes oftener, as compared to every three to vanadium years earlier, in the fast changing market situation.Conclusion To summarize, the need to regularly carry out detailed compensation reviews both within and out of the organisation with full support and commitment from the top is essential. Openness and transparency are important to the managers in the very sensitive and personal issues of management i. e. remuneration, and therefore policies and practices should match. The remuneration and the system have to be fair and dynamic Dealing with human feelings still be a competitively attractive feature.

Coherence and Fidelity in Narratives of Activist Essay Example for Free

Coherence and fidelity in Narratives of Activist EssayBabels have now been considerably expanded to service organizations identified with the admit of Principles of the World Social Forum. There are national coordination centers in France, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Greece, Hungary, Turkey, Russia, the United States, Brazil, Korea, and Japan, and their website mentions facility for linguistic coordination for Arabie, but it is not clear what this facility consists of.In addition to unpaid translation and interpreting work, the tasks undertaken by Babels volunteers range from giving (moral and substantial) support to interpreters to developing linguistic tools that are available to anyone, Babels is perhaps the best pillow slip to date of carefully planned, equitably structured, and highly politicized international residential district of translators and interpreters indeed, it explicitly describes itself as player in the anti-capitalist debate. The group i s also committed to orchestrating conscious process of contamination in which the excellent language skills of the politically sympathetic trained interpreter interact with the deeper political knowledge of the language-fluent activist to develop reflexive communications medium organic to the social forum movement. In another(prenominal) words, Babels does not see itself as inexpensive service willr for the social movement but rather as an active member of that account community with key role in elaborating the tale vision of the World Social Forum.Clearly the groups discussed in a higher place do not simply come together on the basis of national or other such static affiliations, nor are they motivated by personal ambition or profit. These are communities created by election, to use Fishers term. Translators and interpreters come together in these groups willingly to volunteer their time, to invest emotionally and in placeectually in projects designed to undermine domina nt discourses, and to elaborate more equitable and peaceful narratives of the future.What we make of their efforts depends on our throw narrative location and on how we judge the tackiness and fidelity of the narratives they elaborate about themselves. Narrative surmisal allows us to examine communities of these references and their work from at least two different perspectives. In the first instance, it is achievable to examine the lawsuit of narratives these groups elaborate and to ask how they mediate those narratives, both in terms of the selection of natural to be translated and the specific modes of translation adopted.Questions such as the following are productive in this regard. What type of texts do members of such activist communities select for translation? Do they embellish certain narratives in sound out to give those whose voices are suppressed and marginalized better chance of being heard? Do they frame narratives with which they resist strongly, such as the Project of the New Ameri skunk Century, in specific ways in edict to undermine and expose their underlying assumptions?Do they omit or add material within the physical structure of the text or do they rely on paratexts to guide the readers interpretation of each narrative? Do interpreters in the social for reveal their own narrative location through such factors as olfactory modality of voice, pitch, or loudness? With regard to the issue of marginalization, for example, Robert Barsky argues that the nature of the asylum administration is such that it systematically whole kit against claimants, however valid their claims might be.He describes how interpreters working within this system often elaborate claimants statement, hang on it with details they learned prior to the hearing, and improve it stylistically and rhetorically. Interpreters working for disempowered claimants who are ill served by their lawyers and the system as whole may at times mediate the gap between the claimants competence in matters of self expression . . . and the requirements of the Refugee Board (199654) indeed, one of the functions they fulfill can be to quite simply tell good story (199657).In terms of translation and activism, systematic examination of interventions of this type in the output signal of committed communities of translators, using theoretical framework that makes it possible to transcend narratives of neutrality and objectivity, would be worthwhile and lighten up endeavor, suspect it might demonstrate, for instance, that direct textual manipulation of the type that preoccupies many theorists of translation are comparatively rare.In tact the accuracy of translation in this context becomes even more important, because blatant interventions can be used against the translators to brand them as biased and hence untrustworthy, which would have repercussions for the credibility of their own narratives and the narratives they chasten out to promote, undermini ng their characterological coherence (in Fishers terms, as outlined above).Instead we may well find that accuracy acquires an superfluous value in this context and that much of the political work is done through the selection of material to be translated and through various methods of framing the translation including paratexts, timing of the release of translations, where translations are placed, and so forth. some other line of inquiry informed by narrative theory involves examining the relevant translation communities own narratives for coherence and fidelity, using the framework outlined by Fisher above, brief analysis of the narrative of one such community, Translators without Borders, serves to illustrate the potential for this application of narrative theory.Aligning itself with what has been dubbed the sans frontierisme or without borderism movement, Translators Without Borders or Traducteurs Sans Frontieres consists ot group of volunteer translators and interpreters who provide free translations for organizations they deem deserving, including Doctors Without Borders, Reporters without Borders, Amnesty International, and Handicap International. In some respects this is very different type of community from Babels and Translators for Peace.As mentioned in the introduction to this article, Translators without Borders is an offshoot of Eurotexte, commercial translation agency based in Paris, with offices also in Lisbon, Fishers principles of narrative coherence concern the way in which story hangs together. Perhaps close relevant in this context is structural coherence, which to my mind would test negatively in the case of the narrative of Translators Without Borders because of lack of internal consistency.This inconsistency results from the conflict between humanitarian and commercial agendas consequent on the acknowledgement of Translators without Borders and Eurotexte. The Eurotexte site features several prominent links to the Translators wit hout Borders site, often collapsing the distinction between commercial organization and not-for-profit community of volunteer translators.